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Until 1993, the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology was the largest scientific center in Ukraine where nuclear physics research was conducted using beams of γ-quanta, electrons, protons, and other charged particles. The institute had a number of unique accelerator facilities: the largest linear accelerators in Europe, LU-2000 and LU-300, the H-100 storage facility, and a number of lower energy accelerators. A large team of highly qualified specialists in nuclear and accelerator physics was formed at the institute. After 1993, the production of klystrons for our accelerators was eliminated in Russia, and large accelerator facilities were shut down and it was impossible to resume their operation. Experimental work, which is the basis of nuclear physics research, practically stopped, and researchers were forced to transfer their research to other facilities outside Ukraine or retrain. The absence of “live” work primarily led to the outflow of young specialists from this field of research and the aging of personnel.
Currently, there are only four electron accelerators in Ukraine: the 10 MeV LU-10 technological accelerator, the 30 MeV LU-30 accelerator, the LU-40 accelerator at KIPT, which were restored after damage, and the 25 MeV M-30 microtron at the Institute of Electron Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Uzhhorod.
In connection with this, it became necessary to create a new state program for the development of fundamental and applied nuclear physics research using accelerators and electron storage facilities, as well as a multifunctional accelerator complex for its implementation, which were emphasized in 2022 in [1,2].
In 2023, a monograph was published [3], which outlined the concept of the complex. This conceptual project was based on the ideas for the development of accelerator technologies laid down in the European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap [4]. The strategy is a roadmap for the development of accelerators in Europe in the next 5-10 years. These accelerator technologies may be used in the future in the implementation of the FCC(hh) project.
A general view of the recirculator, which is the basis of the accelerator complex, is shown in Figure 1. The beam with a maximum energy of 560 MeV can be used for nuclear physics research and studies of interaction with crystal structures. This beam can also be injected into a storage ring, a source of synchrotron radiation, and used in a free-electron laser. The beam output channels with energy of 380 and 210 MeV make it possible to conduct nuclear physics research and create a pulsed neutron source. Applied research using the interaction of electrons and positrons can be performed on beam output channels with a maximum energy of 29 MeV. In subsequent publications [5-8], the main characteristics of electron, positron, and neutron beams on the output channels to physical facilities were considered.
Taking into account that almost all accelerator specialists in Ukraine are currently concentrated at KIPT, there is hope that, with the necessary funding, the complex can be created in a short time on the basis of the latest accelerator technologies with a phased launch of the facility. The work of the Faculty of Physics and Technology at the KIPT will allow to involve teachers, graduate students and students of the Faculty in the creation of the facility.
Representatives of KIPT participated in the development of positron beam injection systems in the CLIC, ILC, and FCC projects [9,10], but it is impossible to predict the participation of our scientists in the development of these accelerators in the future without the revival of the technical base of nuclear physics research in Ukraine and, on its basis, the school of specialists in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and accelerators.
Figure 1
- M.F. Shul'ga, G.D. Kovalenko, V.B. Ganenko, L.G. Levchuk, S.H. Karpus, I.L. Semisalov. Concept of the state targeted NSC KIPT program of experimental base development for basic and applied research in nuclear and high-energy physics and physics of radiation interaction with matter. // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series “Nuclear Physics Investigations”. № 3,139, 2022, p. 3-6.
- M.F. Shul'ga, G.D. Kovalenko, I.S. Guk, P.I. Gladkikh, F.A. Peev, Conceptual project of the NSC KIPT nuclear physics complex for basic and applied research in the field of nuclear physics, high energy physics and interaction of radiation with substance // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2022. №5(141), р. 55-59.
- М.Ф. Шульга, Г.Д. Коваленко, І.С. Гук, П.І. Гладких, Ф.А. Пєєв Багатофункціональний прискорювальний комплекс ННЦ ХФТІ MAC NSC KIPT PROJECT, Харків: ННЦ ХФТІ, 2023. – 92 с.
- N. Mounet (ed.). European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap, CERN, 2022, 260 p.
- M.F. Shulga, G.D. Kovalenko, I.S. Guk, P.I. Gladkikh, F.A. Peev Magneto-optical structure of the multifunctional accelerator complex NSC KIPT Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №3(145), р. 84-87.
- M.F. Shulga, G.D. Kovalenko, I.S. Guk, P.I. Gladkikh, D.Yu. Shakhov Optimization of the focusing lattice of the magneto-optical structure of the multifunctional accelerator complex NSC KIPT // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2024. №3(151), р. 50-54.
- G.D. Kovalenko, I.S. Guk, P.I. Gladkikh Neutron source based on the multifunctional accelerator complex of the NSC KIPT Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. № 6(148), р. 154-160.
- P.I. Gladkikh, I.S. Guk, G.D. Kovalenko, O.O. Parkhomenko, S.I. Prokhorets, E.V. Rudychev Positron sources of the multifunctional accelerator complex of NSC KIPT, Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2024. №5(153), р.66-72.
- F. Zimmermann, O.S. Br¨uning, Y. Papaphilippou, D. Schulte, P. Sievers, V. Yakimenko, L. Rinolfi, A. Variola, F. Zomer, E.V. Bulyak, H.-H. Braun, M. Klein, Positron options for the linac-ring LHEC // Proceedings of IPAC2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, р. 3108-3110.
- L. Rinolfi, F. Zimmermann, E. Bulyak, P. Gladkikh, T. Omori, J. Urakawa, K. Yokoya. Superconducting positron stacking ring for CLIC // Proceedings of IPAC2011, San Sebastián, Spain, р. 1117-1119.
